Gas-turbine.



S. ROUSSEAU.

GAS TURBINE.

APPLICATION HLED 05c. 31. l9l7.

1,300,026. Patented Apr. 8,1919.

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GAS TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED. DC. 3h. L9H.

Patented Apr. "8, 1919.

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GAS TURBINE.

APPLICATION. FILED 020.31. 1911.

1,300,026, Patented Apr. 8,1919.

33 I"! 1 a I ."h! 6 y ATTOBNEYJ STdNISLAS ROUSSEAU, 0F ALTON, ILLINOIS.

I GAS-TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 8, 1919.

Application filed December 31, 1817. Serial No 209,614.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, STANISLAS ROUSSEAU, a resident of the city of Alton,in the county of Madison and State of Illinois, have invented a new anduseful Gas-Turbine Eng ine, of which the following is aspecification. Myinvention relates to turbine engines and hasfor its principal object toutilize the expansive force of exploding gases for driving the turbines.The invention consists principally in arranging a series of explosionchambers in communication with the jets of the turbine; and it furtherconsists in the parts and combinations of' parts hereinafter describedand claimed.

In the accompanying drawing, which forms part of this specification andwherein like symbols refer to like parts wherever they occur,

Figure 1 is a vertical section of an engine embodying my invention, thesection being taken on the line 1+1 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal view of said engine, the upper right-hand quarterof the figure being a plan view showing the upper portion of thecylinder head, the upper left-hand view being a plan view with thecylinder head removed, the lower left-hand View being a horizontal planof the parts below the main body portion of the machine and the cammembers and showing the gearin that transmits motion from the main sha tto the valve actuating cams; and the lower right-hand quarter of saidFig. 2 being a plan view illustrating the worm drive connection from themain shaft to the power transmission shaft. In this Fig. 2, the mainshaft is shown in section in all but the firstmentioned quarter; v

Fig. 3 is a vertical view partly in elevation and partly in section,illustrating mainly the piston actuating mechanism and the worm geardrive;

Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view following the irregular line 44 ofFig. 1;

Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8 are detail views in vertical section illustratingthe piston valve actuating mechanisms in various positions;

Fig. 9 is a detail sectional view illustrating the discharge passagewayfrom the turbines on theline 9-9 in Fig. 2;

Fig. 10 is. a detail sectional view on the line 10-40 in Fig. 11;

Fig. 11 is a detail side elevation of the connection of they pistonactuating rocker arm with its cam; and

Fig. 12 is the sliding block member of this connection.

The base 1 of my machine is provided with an anti-friction end thrustbearing 2 in which is stepped a vertical main shaft 3 that is providedwith a worm 4,. Meshing with this worm is a worm gear 5 mounted on ahorizontal transmission shaft 6 ed for connection to the base portionand,

also adapted to receive the operating mechanism. This body portion has ahorizontal partition or diap ragm 11 at the center of which is a boredhub 12 adapted to constitute a journal for the main shaft 3.Concentrically arranged with respect to this central hub is a series ofvertically disposed cylinders 13 located close to the outer margin ofthe framework. Mounted on the main shaft 3 below said diaphragm so as toturn therewith is the cam mechanism hereinafter described; and abovesaid diaphragm and also mounted on the shaft is a series of rotaryturbines 14. Mounted on the bodyportion of the framework is the cylinderhead 15, whose middle portion is formed into a journalv bearing for themain shaft 3 and whose outer portions are provided with recesses 16adapted to aline with and constitute extensions v oftherespectivecylinders 13. The cylinder head' is provided with passageways17 whichextend from said recesses 16 (which are hereinafter designatedexplosion chambers) and open into the turbine chambers so as toconstitute passageways for the jets."

Each of the cylinders is equipped with valve mechanism and admission'apparatus after the general manner of the ordinary in ,ternalcombustion motor and also with suitable ignition apparatus; butthe'deviceis so arranged that the piston is not moved by strongabutment.

the force of the explosionpand the timing of the ignition is made withreference-to this fact.

Each of the pistons is provided with a piston rod 18 which is connectedby a heavy horizontal pin 19 to an oscillating link 20 which ispivotally mounted on a strong sup-.

port 21 therefor mounted on the base portion of the machine so as toconstitute a The framework of-the machine is provided with a heavy rib22 in position to constitute a limiting stop for the oscillating linkwhen said link and the piston rod are in vertical position. Pivotallyconnected to the horizontal pin 19 is a short toggle link 23 which, inturn, is pivotally connected to a bell-crank lever 24 which is pivotallymounted on an angular support 25 that depends from and is fixed to thediaphragm 11 of the framework. The free arm of this bell-crank lever 24has an elongated slot 26 therein in which fits slidably a flattenedblock 27. This flattened block 27 is pivotally mounted on a pin 28 whichalso has pivotally mounted thereon a similar block 29 that is slidablymounted in a vertically disposed frame 30 that depends from and issecured to the diaphragm of the framework. The inner end of said pin 28projects beyond said slotted member 30 and is provided with a roller 31or similar device which fits in a cam groove 32 provided therefor in theperiphery of a cylindrical sleeve 33 that is mounted to rotate with themain shaft 3. Suitable spacing washers 34 are provided on the pin 28.This cam groove 32 is horizontal throughout the greater portion of itscircumference, corresponding to the stage at which the piston rod 18 anlink 20 are in vertical alinement and the piston is at the limit of itsupward stroke. The cam groove 32 has one elevation designed to rechargethe respective cylinders and compress the charges. In order to minimizeshock, the support for the pivotal link 20 is bored out to receive areciprocatable bumper member 35 and a helical spring 36 therefor, thisbumper member 35 being so positioned that the pivotal link 20 will earagainst it when said link approaches the limit of its stroke.

The mechanism for actuating the supply valves (of which there is one foreach cylinder). is as follows: The supply passageway 37 has an inletport leading upwardly into the explosion chamber 16 and provided with avalve seat for a reciprocating valve 38. The stem 39 of this valveextends vertically downward and is provided with a helical spring 40surrounding the same and adapted to bear upwardly against a stationarypart and downwardly against a pin on edge of a rocker arm 42 p votallymounted on the framework and provided witha roller 43 at its free end.This roller 43 is positioned to bear on the upper edge of a cam ring 44that is fixed to a spider 45 or other support that is operativelysecuredto the main shaft to rotate therewith. This upper edge of thering 44 is horizontal throughout the greater portion of its lengthcorresponding to the closed position of the supply valve 38 but isprovided with a rise or cam surface 46 adapted to lift the valve once ineach revolution of the main shaft 3. As the purpose of this liftin ofthe supply valve'is to charge the cylin er, the rise or cam portion ofthe ring is so positioned that the lifting action of the supply valvewill be timed to coincide with the downward stroke of the piston, thedischarge valve meanwhile being closed.

In the construction illustrated in the drawings, the support for the camring 44 therefor on the base of the machine. On the a lower surface ofthis spider or hub is mounted an internally threaded gear ring 49, whichmeshes with the spur gear 50 on a shaft which carries a second spur gear51,

which in turn meshes with the spur pinion 52 mounted on the main shaft.

The mechanism for operating the discharge valves (of which there 15 onefor each cylinder) is as follows: The discharge valve 53 is acylindrical plug with a wide segment cut out of one of its sides. Thisvalve is mounted on a vertical axis in the discharge passageway 17,which is normally open but which is ada ted to be closed by said VdlKGwhen turne into the proper osition for the purpose. The stem 54 of t isdischarge valve extends downwardly and on its free end is a lever 55which is pivotally connected to a pair of links 57 which in turn areconnected to a slide 58 radially disposed in a slideway 59 providedtherefor on the diaphragm 11 of the framework.

I The inner end of this slide is provided with a roller 60 or bearingmember that fits in a groove 61 in the upper surface of a ring 62 thatis operatively connected to the main shaft 3 to be driven thereby. Thisoove 61 is circular throughout) a consi erable portion (say, one-half)of its circumference and has a single rise 63 or eccentricity wherebythe valve stem is adapted to be oscillated once in each revolution ofthe main shaft. The an lar position of the eccentricity of this ischargevalve cam relative the operative portions of the other cams is suchthat'the discharge valve will be closed while the supply valve is open.

The operation of the machine is as folmain shaft, turbine mechanism tlows: Assuming that the piston is in its lowermost position, the inletvalve 38 is open and the discharge valve is closed,

this position, the piston rod 18 and the link 2Q are in alinement andthe toggle link 23 is'prevented from moving by reason of its camconnections. In this position, the charge is ignited simultaneously withthe opening of the discharge valve 53, whereupon the products ofcombustion are discliarged through the 'et openin 17 against the vanesof the tur ine whee s after the manner of the ordinary turbine engine.The main shaft is thus rotated, carrying with it the valve actuatingcams and also the worm 4 which transmits power through the worm gear tothe transmission shaft 6. When the main shaft has rotated to thepredetermined angle, the piston actuatinn cam causes the piston to bemoved downwardly and the discharge valve 53 to be closed and the supplyvalve 38 to be opened simultaneously. By this arrangement, the cylinderis recharged whereupon the supply valve is closed, the discharge valvemeanwhile remaining closed, and the piston moves upwardly to its initialposition, compressing the charge and thus completing its cycle ofoperation. This same cycle occurs with each of the several.

cylinders.

Obviously, the construction hereinbefore.

tute et openings forsaid turbine mechanism,

and means for charging and discharging said explosion chambersrespectively, each of said means comprising a cylinder com- -municatingwith its explosion chamber, a

piston in said cylinder, a to gle for positioning the piston and meansor controlling the toggle. A

2. A gas turbine engine comprising a erefor, a

plurality of explosion chambers whose discharge passageways are arran edto constitute jet openings forsaid tur ine mechanism and means forcharging and discharging said explosion chambers respectively,

each of said means comprising a cylinder conmiumcating with itsexplosion chamber,

, a piston in said cylinder, a toggle for positioning the piston andmeans for keeping the spreading members of the toggle in alinement withthe piston during ignition and discharge.

v 3. A gas turbine engine comprising a main shaft,.turbine mechanismtherefor, a plurality of explosion chambers whose discharge passageways,are arranged to constitute jet openings for said turbine mechanism, andmeans for charging and discharging said explosion chambers respectively,each of said means comprising a cylinder communicating with itsexplosion chamber, a piston in said cylinder, a toggle for ositioningthe piston,

, inlet and discharge va yes for said explosicnti sai chamber, andmeansfor actuatin valves and toggle, saidmeans being a apted to holdsaid piston in'its advanced position during ignition and discharge.

4. In a gas turbine engine wherein a plu- .rality of explosion chambershave their discharge passageways adapted to constitute jet openings forthe turbine elements, cylinders in operative relation to said explosionchambers, pistons in said cylinders, piston rods, links pivotallymounted on fixed abutments in axial alinement with said cylinders andpivotally connected to said piston rods, and,

means for keeping said links and rods in alinement during ignition anddischarge.

5. A turbine engine in combination with internal combustion enginesdisposed parallel with the main turbine shaft and adapted to dischargethrough the .jet openings of the turbine and controlling mechanismoperatively connected to said main shaft and to the supply and dischargevalves of the internal combustion engines and to the pistons thereof,each of said supply valves being a reciprocatable spring pressed valvedisposed arallel with said shaft and having an adustable' end member,levers disposed transversely of said shaft in o erative relation to therespective end inem rs, and a cam mounted on the main shaft andoperatively enga ing said levers to-operate the sameand there y actuatethe respective supply valves. 6. A gas turbine engine comprising a mainshaft, turbine mechan'i'im therefor, a 'plurality of explosion chamberswhose dispivotally connected to said toggle link and aving alongitudinal slot in its other arm, and a 'pin extending through saidslots and into said cam groove.

7. A gas turbine engine comprising a main shaft, turbine mechanismtherefor, a. phirality of explosion chambers whose discharge passagewaysare arranged to constitute jet openings for said turbine mechanism, andmeans for charging and discharging said explosion chambers respectively,each ofsaid means comprising a cylinder communicating with its explosionchamber, a piston in said cylinder, a toggle for-positioning the pistonand means for controlling the toggle, a rotary member havin a cam groovetherein, a stationary member%iaving a slot therein extending parallelwith the main shaft, a rocker arm having one arm pivotally connected tosaid toggle link and having a longitudinal slot in its other arm, a pinextending through said slots and into said cam groove, and a back-stopfor said toggle.

8. A gas turbine engine comprising a main shaft, turbine mechanismtherefor, a plurality of exposion chambers whose discharge passagewaysare arranged to constitute a openings for said turbine mechanism, andmeans for charging and dischargin said explosion chambers respectively,eac of said means comprising a cylinder communicating with its explosionchamber, a piston in said cylinder, a toggle for positioning'the pistonand means for controlling the toggle, a rotary member having a camgroove therein, a stationary member having a slot thererality ofexplosion chambers whose discharge passageways are arranged toconstitute jet openings for said turbine mecha nism, and means forcharging and discharging said explosion chambers respectively, each ofsaid means comprising a cylinder communicating with its explosionchamber, a piston in said cylinder, a toggle for positioning the pistonand means for contro ling the toggle, a rotary member having a camgroove therein, a stationary member having a slot therein extendingparallel with the main shaft, a rocker arm having one arm pivotallyconnected to said toggle link and having a longitudinal slot in itsother arm, a pin extending'through said slots and into said cam groove,a back-stop for said toggle, and a yielding bumper for said toggle.

Signed at Alton, 111., this 21 day of December, 1917. v

STANISLA'S ROUSSEAU.

